瓜类作物对两种化学除草剂的耐性比较

在黑龙江省瓜田草害已成为瓜类产量和品质的限制因素,生产上所采用的化学除草常常因为使用不当而导致药害的发生。通过室内生测的试验方法,研究了甜瓜、西瓜、黄瓜、南瓜及西葫芦等主要瓜类作物对施田补及乙草胺两种主要除草剂的耐性。西瓜耐性最强,黄瓜耐性最弱;白美人甜瓜对施田补的耐性强,而风度耐性差;黄瓜龙杂黄7号对两种除草剂耐性强,奇丰耐性差;南瓜1号对乙草胺耐性强,而美泰赤粟对施田补的耐性略强。在除草剂用量5mg/kg～10mg/kg之间,随着浓度的增加,抑制有明显增强的趋势。5mg/kg施田补对白美人甜瓜等安全。10mg/kg对绿农9号也很安全。5mg/kg及10mg/kg的乙草胺对绿农9号西瓜安全。其对黄瓜和甜瓜这两种小粒种子的抑制率偏高。研究认为在黑龙江省的瓜类生产上使用除草剂时,不同瓜类品种应该经过预备试验决定除草剂的品种及用量。提出的不同除草剂对瓜类主要抑制部位上存在差异观点,将为选择适当的栽培和药剂处理方法提供理论参考。图4,表4,参28。

The comparison of tolerance of cucurbits crops to two herbicides

Lab studies were conducted to determine the tolerance of main cucurbits crops-muskmelon, watermelon, cucumber, pumpkin, and squash to various rates of stomp and acetochlor herbicides. The study indicated that there were differences in tolerance to the herbicides among cucurbits. Watermelons had the highest tolerance and cucumber had the lowest. The tolerances to the two herbicides between two muskmelon cultivars were different. The Whitebeauty muskmelon was more tolerant to pendimethalin than Fengdu cultivar. The LongzaNo7 cucumber showed a higher tolerance to the two herbicides in general than the Qifeng cucumber cultivar. And the situation on the pumpkin was similar. There were differences in inhibition rate on different cucurbits between two herbicides. Results showed that inhibition increased with rate of application of herbicides increase. A relatively higher injury on the small-seed varieties such as cucumber and muskmelon than large-seed varieties such as pumpkin was observed.