土壤有效磷及其化学测试方法研究进展

磷素对自然系统和农业系统所具有的深远影响仅次于氛而远远高于其他元素。从磷的总体肥力水平上看，磷素缺乏问题是全球性问题。如果土壤全磷含量低作物就极易缺磷，但丰磷土壤容易导致大量的有效磷进入水体造成环境灾难。因此，准确的土壤磷测试方法无论是对农业增产还是对环境保护都具有十分重要的意义。在过去的近百年中，科技工作者在土壤磷素的有效性、磷素的转化、化学测试磷的方法及其作用模式方面做了大量的研究，参35。

Soil Available P and its Chemical Test Methods: A Review

Phosphorus, next to nitrogen, has more significant influence on both natural and agricultural ecosystems than any other essential elements. Phosphate deficiency in soil occurred widespread in many types of agricultural soils, which caused a significant de- crease in crop yield all over the world. On the other hand, the P over application although is good for building up a large P pool in soil, farmers are very concerned about the cost of phosphorous fertilizer, and the surplus P in soil can be lost to river causing eutrophication. Therefore, a good soil phosphorus test for suitable phosphorus application can serve not only for agricultural, but also for environmental and economic purposes. This article reviewed the literature on the research on soil P availability, phosphorus transformation in soil, soil test for P and the action mode of extractant with P during the past century.