城市工商业用户天然气分时定价的Multi-Agent仿真研究

本文引入多智能体建模方法，构建了政府、用户、燃气公司、实时监控和人机交互五类智能体，通过智能体的协助与交互模拟由于价格变化所引起的城市天然气管网需求与运营的动态变化过程. 并且以郑州市为例，对工商业用户实施分时定价政策，模拟了该地区天然气管网的运行状态. 结果表明：1）在保证用户和燃气运营商同时获益的情况下，存在一个最优的价格关系能有效降低燃气管网的峰谷负荷差. 2）在峰价格逐渐上调的过程中，工商业用户效益是单调递增的，而燃气运营商的效益是先减少后增加的，即价格上调到一定程度后，燃气运营商才开始获益.

Multi-agent simulation on natural gas time-of-use pricing in urban industrial and commercial users

This study introduces the multi-agent modeling method to establish five categories of agents, i.e. government agent, customer agent, gas enterprise agent, real time monitoring agent and human-computer interaction agent. Using this multi-agent system, we simulate the dynamic change process of demands and running states caused by the price changes of natural gas in the urban natural gas pipeline network. Moreover, Zhengzhou is taken as a case to simulate the hourly gas-usage behavior of industrial and commercial users under TOU pricing policy. The results show that: 1) An optimal peak-valley price relationship allows both the gas operator and users to benefit at the same time, and the peak-valley load difference can be reduced effectively. 2) With the increase of the peak price, the benefit of industrial and commercial users increases, while the gas operator's benefit decreases firstly and then increases. And only when the peak price reaches a threshold value, the gas operator can benefit.