期权在供应链风险管理中的应用

探讨在市场需求不确定的情况下,期权在供应链风险管理中的应用.分析建立在一个单供应商、多分销商的供应链模型上.模型中,每一个分销商既可以从供应商那里直接购买产品,也可以购买期权.期权使得分销商有权选择是否购买额外数量的产品.首先分析了分销商的最优供给策略、供应商的最优生产策略,接着讨论了期权怎样增强信息流、促进风险共享从而提高供应链效率.文章还论述了怎样利用期权来协调供应链各合作伙伴的动机,来提高供应链对市场变化的响应能力.

The Application of Options in Supply Chain Risk Management

This paper explores the application of options in supply chain risk management when consumer demand is uncertain. The analysis is based on an environment involving a single supplier and multiple retailers. Each retailer can either buy product directly from the supplier, or purchase options on product. An option gives the retailer the right to buy an additional unit of product. We first derive optimal replenishment policies for the retailers, the optimal production policy for the supplier. We then show how options enhance information flows, encourage risk sharing, and improve supply chain efficiency. The paper includes a discussion of how options can be used to align the incentives of supply chain partners, and to improve supply chain responsiveness to changes in the business environment.