消费品生命周期隐患识别与风险评价的三维矩阵方法

面对近年我国产品质量安全事故频发、消费者人身安全与健康遭受不同程度的威胁以及出口产品不时被召回或退回的问题，给出了一种基于消费品生命周期和事故致因的隐患识别及表征方法，有助于提升人们对消费品危害规律的认知水平并为消费品风险评价奠定基础. 考虑到事故伤害受体的能力和行为会对消费品缺陷或隐患演化及事故伤害后果产生重要影响，在常规风险评价二维矩阵的基础上，加入风险受体的脆弱性要素，提出了消费品风险评价的三维矩阵方法，能够更好地表征消费者能力与行为等主观要素对消费品隐患事故及危害的影响作用. 以家用电器风险评价为例，基于欧盟非食品类消费品快速预警系统（RAPEX）对中国消费品通报信息分析和专家评价打分，形成了消费品评价三维风险矩阵，分析了家用电器的风险规律，为消费品的风险评价提供了新思路、新方法.

Life cycle hazard identification and a 3D risk matrix evaluation for consumer product safety

To address the problems that the product quality and safety accidents occur frequently in our country, the safety and health of consumers suffer from threats to different degrees, and the export products are recalled from time to time in recent years, this paper presents a methodology for life cycle hazard identification and 3D risk matrix evaluation for non-food consumer products, which is helpful to improve the understanding and perception of consumer product hazards and risks, and to provide a foundation for consumer product risk evaluation. Furthermore, considering that the capability and behavior of individual consumers usually have important influences on the risk levels of consumer product hazards, the paper proposes a 3D approach for evaluating consumer product risks by adding the dimension of consumer vulnerability onto the conventional 2D risk matrix. This new dimension of vulnerability will encompass the impacts of consumer elements such as groups of age, levels of education, and types of consumer attitude or preference. Taking home electric appliances as example and using an expert judgment method and the data and information about the products made in China as reported in the European Union Rapid Alert System for Non-food Products (RAPEX), the paper illustrates the use of the methodology and demonstrates the methodology as a new way for consumer product safety assessment.