大规模灾害中基于FCMwNC的医疗物资联合运送优化

针对应急医疗物资供应节点与需求节点距离太远或者通往灾区的关键道路遭到破坏等灾害情境,对应急响应中的"直升飞机+车辆"医疗物资联合运送问题进行研究.首先针对常规模糊C-均值(FCM)的在选择应急中转点和划分医疗救助点中的不足,提出考虑医疗救助点数量约束的应急中转点选择方法(FCMwNC),接着考虑直升飞机飞行时间、应急中转点处的中转时间和车辆运送时间,构建一个考虑中转时间的应急医疗物资联合运送优化模型.数据实验验证了提出方法的有效性,并得出一些结论:1)FCMwNC划分方法能够克服常规FCM划分中的医疗救助点个数不均衡问题,进而能够有效缩短医疗救助点中的最大等待时间;2)随着应急中转点个数的增加,总的联合运送时间、平均等待时间和最大等待时间都有降低的趋势;3)随着中转效率的增加,总的联合运送时间、平均等待时间和最大等待时间会逐渐降低.

A FCMwNC-based approach for medical supplies intermodal transportation in large-scale disasters

Due to the long distances between supply nodes and demand nodes or the cut off of the key roads to affected areas, it is difficult or impossible to quickly transport medical supplies to affected areas only by vehicles, so we focus on the intermodal transportation of medical supplies by helicopters and vehicles. To overcome the shortages of the common fuzzy c-means (FCM) for selecting emergency distribution points (EDCs) and partitioning medical aid points (MAPs), we consider the constraints of the number of MAPs in each partition to develop an improved FCM approach with number constraints (FCMwNC) for selecting EDCs and partitioning MAPs; then, we consider the helicopter flight time, the transit time at EDCs and the vehicle travel time to build an intermodal transportation optimization model of medical supplies, which could produce the intermodal transportation routes. According to numerical experiments, we observed the following findings: 1) The developed FCMwNC method could overcome the imbalance of the number of MAPs in the FCM partitioning, which thus effectively shortens the biggest waiting time among MAPs; 2) As the increase of the number of selected EDCs, the total intermodal transportation time, average waiting time and biggest waiting time have decreasing trends; 3) As the increase of the transit efficiency, the total intermodal transportation time, average waiting time and biggest waiting time would be shortened with smaller ranges.