高龄农业转移人口非农就业影响因素研究

高龄农业转移人口群体规模不断扩大,其非农就业问题不仅决定了个人老年福利,更对新型城镇化质量提升,经济社会发展可持续与养老方式创新有着重要意义.本文基于就业能力理论,结合农业转移人口迁移特点,确定了个人,组织,家庭,环境四个影响维度.研究发现,中低龄与高龄农业转移人口非农就业影响因素存在显著差异;高龄群体过早面临就业困境,是劳动力供需层级不匹配和农业转移人口后期技能提升缺失的双重作用结果,其本质原因在于产业转型升级形势下的人力资本投入不足.因此,改善高龄农业转移人口的非农就业,一方面要加大人力资本投资力度,整体提升农业转移人口就业能力,另一方面要寻找更合理的老年人口红利开发模式和养老方式的创新.

Study on influence factors of non-agricultural employment of aged people who move from rural to urban

The non-agricultural employment status of the growing scale of aged people who move from rural to urban,not only determines their own later living quality,but also influences the urbanization promoting,economic sustainable growth and endowment service innovation.Based on the employability theory,considering mobility of people who move from rural to urban,this paper defines four aspects of influence factors—individual,organization,family and circumstance.Results show that influence factors of the aged group are very specific,and the untimely employment pressure among them is due to the combined effect of the hierarchy mismatch of labor supply and demand and their resting job skill,which are mainly caused by the lack of invest in human capital under the background of industrial transformation and upgrading.Therefore,to improve the employment status of aged people who move from rural to urban,on one hand,increasing human capital investment is necessary,one the other hand,reasonable exploitation of aged demographic dividend and innovative endowment service would be helpful.