诺贝尔奖与免疫学的百年渊源

2011年诺贝尔生理学或医学奖，分别授予了发现树突状细胞的斯坦曼和发现Toll样受体的博伊特勒、霍夫曼。自1901年贝林因发现抗毒素获得首届诺贝尔奖开始，一百多年来，免疫学研究领域所荣膺的诺贝尔奖已经累计17次。从免疫学发展史的角度看，诺贝尔生理学或医学奖见证了学科发展的整个历程：免疫学起源于微生物学，经历了由免疫化学向免疫生物学的转变，最终成为一门前沿科学。本文回顾了历届荣膺诺贝尔奖的免疫学研究成果，并进一步分析了其理论价值与临床应用。

The Nobel Prize Highlights in Immunologic History for a Century

2011 Nobel Prize in physiology or medicine was shared among Ralph Steinman, Jules Hoffman and Bruce beutler, who discovered biological function of Dendritic Cells and Toll like receptor respectively. Since 1901 the first ever Nobel Prize was award to Emil von Behring for the funding of antitoxin, overall 17 Nobel prizes in physiology and medicine were given for achievements in immunologic fields. In a historical perspective, the Nobel laureates have witnessed the whole development course of immunology as a discipline. After originated from bacteriology, immunology has undergone major shift from immunochemistry to immunobiology, and become an important frontier discipline of the life sciences eventually. The review summarizes all immunologic funding awarded to Nobel Prize in physiology or medicine retrospective, and discusses the contribution of those achievements to immunologic theory development and clinic medicine.