灵长动物行为和生态学的研究现状与进展(一):地理分布与栖息地的利用

现今非人灵长动物只分布于全球七大洲中的五大洲,大部分的非人灵长动物都生活在非洲、亚洲和南美洲及其附近的岛屿上。从沙漠到热带雨林,灵长动物的栖息地是多种多样的,但绝大多数的灵长动物都生活在各种不同类型的热带雨林中。在森林中有着多种多样的生态位可供灵长动物占有和利用,这为灵长动物提供了多种多样的生存方式,并为多种灵长动物能在一个森林中共存创造了条件。灵长动物经常在特定的森林层次上活动和觅食并表现出很强的适应性。灵长动物的进化是与森林中其他动物的进化密切相关的,其他动物作为竞争者、捕食者和猎物对灵长动物的进化有很大影响。灵长动物已经进化出了很多独一无二的捕食策略,使它们能够充分利用生活在森林不同层次上和不同部位的猎物。日活动域、巢域、核域和领域是当前用于灵长动物和其他动物空间利用格局的几个标准名称。

Status and advance on study of behavior and ecology in primates (Ⅰ): Geographic distribution and habitat use

Nonhuman primates today are found on five of the seven continents. Africa, Asia, South American, and their nearby islands are the homes of most living nonhuman primates. The vast majority of primate species and individuals are found in tropical climates. Within their geographic range, living primates are found in a variety of habitats from deserts to tropical rainforests. Primates often move and feed in specific forest levels and show adaptation these different demands and opportunities, which offers a slightly different way of making a living for a primate. The tropics forests inhabited by most primates are the most complex ecosystems on the Earth. The evolution of living primates has conjunction with the evolution of other members of these complex environments. The predators have exerted an important influence on the evolution of many aspects of primate ecology and behavior. Primate species have evolution of many aspects of primate ecology and behavior. They species have evolved a number of unique predation strategies to exploit different types of prey.