煤矸石淋溶水环境影响的分析研究

以阜新新邱露天煤矿排土场煤矸石为例，采用模拟天然降水的淋溶试验方法，研究了煤矸石淋溶液中的主要污染物质及其淋溶规律，分析了露天煤矿排土场和井工煤矿矸石山淋溶水对其周围地表水、地下水、土壤和植被的影响，并提出了相应的综合防治对策。研究结果表明：煤矸石富含碱金属和碱土金属，其淋溶液中主要污染物为总硬度、硫酸盐、硝酸盐、锰和钠等，风化煤矸石表面吸附的无机盐类是比较容易水溶的，受雨水淋溶后溶出较快，而其矿物结构内部的阴、阳离子释放速率较缓慢；淋溶水中无机盐类对水体的污染会使水的硬度提高，带有成涩味，锰、钠等金属元素超标，从而影响水体作为工业、农业、渔业和生活用水水源的使用。

Research of influence of leaching water of gangue on environments

Taking the gangue of the dumping area of Open Pit Coal Mine of Xinqiu in Fuxin for example, the main pollutants and their leaching law were studied by leaching test simulating nature precipitation. The influence of the dumping area of open pit coal mine and the gangue hill of underground mine on surface water, underground water, soil and vegetation was analyzed. The corresponding synthetically preventions and treatments are put forward. The research results show that the main pollutants of the leaching water of the gangue which contain plentiful alkali metals and alkaline-earth metals are hardness, sulphate, Mn, Na, etc., that the inorganic salts absorbed by the gangue weathered on surface is more easily soluble by water, and the negative ions and positive ions in the inner of mineral structure of the gangue are released more slowly, that the inorganic salts in the leaching water resulting water hardness higher, with sally astringent taste, metallic elements of Mn and Na etc. exceeding the domestic water standard of China.