论北魏均田制产生的社会原因

公元四五世纪拓跋氏入主中原，社会经济由奴隶制逐渐向封建制发展。北魏基本统一北部中国之后，于公元４５１年侵宋失败。导致北魏社会经济由掠夺性经济迅速转入农业经济，由此促使社会内部各处矛盾激化。魏孝文帝为了缓和社会矛盾，发展农业生产，巩固封建统治，实施均田制。北魏此时在客观上也为这一政策的推行准备了条件。

On the Social Origins of the System of Land Equalization Under the Northern Wei Dynasty

Since Tuoba clan came in and ruled the Central Plains in the 4th and 5th centuries, the social economy underwent slowly the transition from the slavery to the feudalism. Upon the unification of northern China on whole, the Northern Wei Dynasty failed in attacking the Song Dynasty in A. D. 451. It caused Northern Wei's social economy itself to change rapidly from the predatory type into the agricultural type ,thereby intensified the social tensions. In order to mitigate the tensions, to promote the the agricultural production, and to strengthen the political power, Emperor Xiaowen Di put the system of land equalization into effect. Moreover, other objective conditions contributed to the system too. [