黑龙江野生燕麦,栽培燕麦的核型分析及其比较研究

本文对黑龙江野生燕麦、栽培燕麦的染色体组型作了观察分析(图1,图3),绘制了它们的核型模式图(图2,图4)。并进行了二者核型间的比较研究,结果如下: 黑龙江野生燕麦与栽培燕麦的六倍体染色体数日皆为2n=6x=42。除No.1、No.3、No.6染色体黑龙江野生燕麦臂为“m”型而栽培燕麦皆为“sm”型之外、其余的18对染色体类型皆一一对应一致。黑龙江野生燕麦的核型公式为2n=6x=42=28m(2STA)+14sm。栽培燕麦的是2n=6x=42=22m+20sm。在黑龙江野生燕麦的No.3染色体一臂上可见一对明显的随体,而在栽培燕麦的核型分析中未发现有随体染色体。另外,黑龙江野生燕麦的核型类别为较原始的“2A”型,而栽培燕麦的核型类别是比“2A”型较进化的“2B”型。此外,在研究过程中,对如何才能得到分散度较高的染色体图相,也做了方法上的探讨。

KARYOTYPIC ANALYSES AND COMPARISON OF WILD OATS, CULTIVATED OATS

Karyotypes of the wild oats from Heilongjiang Province,and the cultivated oats were investigated for establishing their idiograms and compared with each other. The results are as follows: The number of the hexaploid chromosomes of all these plants is 2n=6x=42. The wild oats and the cultivated oats have 18 pairs of the same chromosomal classifications except those of No.1,3 and 6. These three pairs of chromosomal classifications are m type in the wild oats, while sm type in the cultivated oats. The karyotypic formula of the wild oats is 2n=6x=42=28m (2STA)+14sm, and that of cultivated oats is 2n=6x=42=22m+20sm. The wild oats has a pair of satellites on the No.3 chromosome. However, the satellites have not been found on the chromosomes of the cultivated oats. Furthermore, the karyotype of the wild oats is proximately symmetrical and primitive 2A type; and that of the cultivated oats unsymmetrical and evolved 2B type. Methods of obtaining chromosome pictures of high dispersing degree are examined through the process of the research.