高寒地区铁路站房天然采光模拟及其优化设计

铁路站房是一类特殊的高大空间建筑，建设量大且使用频率高，照明能耗巨大。高寒地区日照资源丰富，在进行铁路站房设计时充分利用天然光，能够营造良好的建筑光环境，降低室内照明能耗，实现高寒地区生态环境保护目的。文中依据当地气候条件，采用参数化软件Rhino对高寒地区铁路站房进行动态采光模拟，发现天然采光存在采光均匀度低、过度曝光和眩光等问题，提出控制站房采光有效进深或设置高侧窗均能提高站房中部的有效采光量，改善采光均匀度；适当减少低侧窗的透光率可有效控制近窗处的采光量，防止过度曝光；设置可调节的感光水平遮阳或帘幕可防止眩光的产生，提高光环境舒适度；提升高侧窗透光率达到0.75以上时，候车厅能够获得良好的采光自足。

Study on natural lighting simulation and optimization design of railway station in alpine region

Railway station building is a kind of special tall space building with large construction amount, high frequency usage and huge lighting energy consumption. There are abundant sunshine resources in alpine regions in China. In the design of railway stations, natural light should be fully used to create a good architectural light environment, reduce indoor lighting energy consumption, and achieve the purpose of protecting the ecological environment in alpine regions. According to the local climate conditions, this paper uses the parametric software Rhino to simulate the dynamic daylighting of railway station buildings in alpine regions. It is found that there are some problems in the use of natural lighting, such as low lighting uniformity, overexposure and glare. To address these issues, the optimization measures are put forward: the effective daylighting in the middle of the station building can be improved by controlling the effective depth of daylighting or setting high side windows; the illumination near the window can be effectively controlled by properly adjusting the light transmittance of the low side window to prevent overexposure; the glare can be prevented and the light environment comfort can be improved by using adjustable photosensitive horizontal sunshade or curtain; the waiting hall can obtain good daylighting self-sufficiency when the light transmittance of high side window reaches above 0.75.