塑料餐盒中邻苯二甲酸酯的迁移风险研究

测定市售的一次性塑料餐盒中邻苯二甲酸酯的质量分数和探究其向食品中的浸出规律，由此评估对人体造成的健康风险。以聚丙烯(PP)塑料餐盒为研究对象，采用气相色谱-质谱法对样品中16种邻苯二甲酸酯(PAEs)的质量分数进行检测；并依据GB/T 23296.1—2009要求，选择水、4%乙酸、10%乙醇和异辛烷为食品模拟物，考察塑料餐盒中PAEs的浸出率随时间和温度的变化情况，运用美国环保署(U.S. EPA)推荐的健康风险评估模型评价由此造成的健康风险。16种PAEs中邻苯二甲酸二乙酯(DEP)、邻苯二甲酸二异丁酯(DIBP)、邻苯二甲酸二丁酯(DBP)、邻苯二甲酸二(2－乙基)己酯(DEHP)、邻苯二甲酸二苯酯(DPhP)、邻苯二甲酸二辛酯(DNOP)的检出率分别为100%、100%、78%、78%、92%、85%，质量分数范围分别为0.140~0.829、0.237~1.676、ND~0.995、ND~2.302、ND~1.714、ND~0.213 mg/g；但在4种食品模拟物浸出实验中仅检出4种PAEs(DEP、DBP、DIBP、DEHP)，浸出率从大到小的顺序为:异辛烷、10%乙醇、4%乙酸、水；温度越高，时间越长，浸出率越大。暴露评估健康风险结果显示:在25、40、55 ℃下，人群对浸出PAEs日暴露量的致癌风险为1.09×10-8、4.52×10-8、1.83×10-7；总非致癌风险分别为1.10×10-4、3.62×10-4、1.21×10-3。结果表明:PAEs可通过与塑料餐盒接触迁移至食物中，但由此造成的健康风险在U.S. EPA推荐的人群可接受水平范围内。

On the Migration Risk of Phthalates in Plastic Containers

The content of Phthalates (PAEs) in plastic containers and the migration of PAEs to food were investigated so as to evaluate the health risk for human body. The contents of 16 kinds of PAEs in polypropylene (PP) plastic containers were determined with meteorological chromatography-mass spectrometry. Water, 4% acetic acid, 10% ethanol and Isooctane were selected as food simulants according to the requirements of GB/T 23296.1—2009 to investigate the change of the leaching rate of typical PAEs in plastic containers with time and temperature, and the health risk assessment model recommended by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) was used to evaluate the health risk caused by the migration of PAEs. The detection rates of Diethyl phthalate (DEP), Diisobutyl phthalate (DIBP), Dibutyl phthalate (DBP), Bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP), Diphenyl phthalate (DPhP) and Di-n-octylphthalate (DNOP) in 16 PAEs were 100%, 100%, 78%, 78%, 92% and 85%, respectively. The concentration ranges were 0.140~0.829, 0.237~1.676, ND~0.995, ND~2.302, ND~1.714 and ND~0.213 mg ·g-1 respectively. However, only four PAEs (DEP, DBP, DIBP and DEHP) were detected in the leaching experiments of four food simulants, and the leaching rate order was as follows: Isooctane, 10% Ethyl alcohol, 4% Acetic acid and Water. The higher the temperature, the longer the time and the higher the leaching rate. The health risk of exposure assessment showed that the carcinogenic risk of daily exposure of PAEs was 1.09×10-8, 4.52×10-8 and 1.83×10-8 at 25, 40 and 55 ℃ respectively. The total non-carcinogenic risk was 1.10×10-8, 3.62×10-8 and 1.21×10-8 respectively. The results show that PAEs can be transferred to food through contact with plastic food containers, but the health risk is within the range of acceptable levels recommended by the U.S. EPA.