险情下机组沟通对进近着陆绩效影响的中介机制分析

为提高进近着陆绩效,结合航空事故调查分析,确定出机组成员间的有效沟通是确保安全飞行的基本要素之一。以机组成员的情境意识和机组的团队共享心智为中介变量,构建机组沟通对进近着陆的影响机制理论模型。采用Flight Simulator飞行软件,模拟单发失效应急情境,利用情境意识评定技术和团队共享心智测量量表,测量机组沟通对进近着陆阶段绩效的影响。实验结果表明：机组沟通、机组成员的情境意识及团队共享心智与进近着陆绩效间均存在显著的相关;在多重中介模型中,机组沟通主要通过三条路径的间接作用影响进近着陆绩效：机组成员情境意识的中介作用、机组团队共享心智的中介作用及情境意识和团队共享心智的链式中介作用。因此,通过提高机组沟通质量,进一步提高其机组成员的情境意识及团队共享心智水平,从而可以提高进近着陆安全水平。

Analysis on Intermediary Mechanism of Crew Communication Influence on Safety Performance of Approach and Landing Phases under Dangerous Conditions

To improve the safety performance of the approach and landing, according to aviation accident investigation, effective communication among flight crew is one of the essential elements to ensure safe flight..Based on individual situational awareness and team shared mental as mediating variables, a theoretical hypothesis model of the influence mechanism of flight crew communication on safety flight operation was put forward. The Flight Simulator was used to simulate the emergency situation of a single engine failure, and the measurement scale and assessment technology were used to analyze the mechanism of the impact of flight crew communication on the safety performance during the approach and landing phase. Experimental results show that the flight crew communication, individual situational awareness and team shared mental are significantly correlated with their safety performance, in the multiple mediating effect model, the crew communication indirectly affects the approach and landing performance through three paths: the mediating effect of crew members" situational awareness, the mediating effect of crew members" shared mind, and the chain mediating effect of situational awareness and team shared mind. Therefore, by improving the communication quality of the flight crew, the safety level can be improved by further improving the situational awareness of the crew members and the level of the team"s shared mind.