生物炼制细胞工厂的科学基础

生物炼制是以生物可再生资源为原料生产能源与化工产品的新型工业模式。认识并利用微生物广泛的物质分解转化与卓越的化学合成能力，将微生物改造成为高效的生物炼制细胞工厂，使生物炼制逐步取代传统石油炼制，对于降低化石资源消耗、最终实现工业原材料来源的战略大转移、促进经济社会的可持续发展具有重要意义。本文分析了构建生物炼制细胞工厂亟待解决的关键问题，介绍了有关生物炼制细胞工厂的国内外最新研究进展，并对生物炼制细胞工厂的发展前景进行了展望。作为工业生物技术的核心支撑技术之一，生物炼制细胞工厂必将在解决资源、能源问题中起到重要作用。

Cell Factories for Biorefinery

Biorefinery is a new manufacturing model that converts renewable biomass to fuels, power and chemicals. Through characterization and utilization of the robust and diverse metabolic capabilities of microorganisms for biomass degradation and chemical synthesis, microorganisms can be engineered to be efficient cell factories for biorefinery. This new biorefinery model can facilitate solutions to our nation's urgent issues such as energy security, resources, and environmental protection. It will have significant benefits to the sustainable development of our society, since it can decrease our dependence on fossil resources, prevent severe environmental problems, and facilitate transformation of the traditional petroleum-based economy to a more sustainable one that is based on renewable biomass resources. Here, we discussed the concept of "cell factories for biorefinery" and reviewed the recent developments of cell factory design, construction and optimization. The challenges and perspectives for developing efficient cell factories were also discussed.