基于全局优装法的共轴光学系统装调研究

以共轴光学系统中圆柱形零件圆环形装配平面为研究对象,研究了装调中多零件对接时基准轴的角偏误差传递与补偿原理.首先分析了共轴光学系统的实际装调方法和典型定中心基准轴传递路径.然后基于误差测量和最小二乘法,确定拟合圆环形装配平面方程.运用几何变换理论得到精确描述单个零件底面和顶面的角偏误差的变换矩阵,以及两零件装配时结合面上两坐标系间的变换矩阵,建立了多零件装配时始末法线角偏误差与相对装入角度的显式函数关系.针对不同类型的定中心基准轴传递路径,采用不同的遗传算法方案实现了对始末法线角的优化,提出了求解相对装入角度允许误差的方法.最后提出了一种基于全局优装法的共轴光学系统装调方法,并以某共轴光学系统为例,验证了本文方法的可行性与实用性.

Research on Alignment of Coaxial Optical System Based on Global Optimization Alignment Method

Taking the ring assembly plane of cylinder part of coaxial optical system as the research object, the principle of tilt error transfer and compensation of fiducial axis in the case of multiple parts assembling was studied. Firstly, optical alignment of coaxial optical system and typical centering fiducial axis transfer paths were analyzed. And then error measurement and Least Square Method were conducted to fit the ring assembly plane of cylinder part and to get the coefficients of least-squares plane equation. By the theory of 3D geometry transformation, the transformation matrices precisely describing the tilt error of bottom face and top face in a single part, the transformation matrices of two coordinate systems of assembly joint surface in the case of two parts assembling and the function relationship between the angle between two Normal Lines of Initial Bottom Surface and End Top Surface (ANLIBSETS) and the Relative Load Angle (RLA) in the case of multiple parts assembling were established. Aiming at different types of centering fiducial axis transfer paths and applying different genetic algorithm plans, the optimization of ANLIBSETS was achieved. The method of solving the error of RLA was proposed. Finally, an optical alignment method of coaxial optical system based on global optimization alignment method was proposed. The feasibility and practicability of this method are verified by an example of a coaxial optical system.