哺乳动物克隆的现状和研究进展

 哺乳动物细胞克隆是20世纪末生命科学领域最引人注目的高新技术，该技术对于优良种畜的复制、减少试验用动物数目、动物遗传多样性保存及濒危动物挽救、转基因动物培育等方面具有重要意义。近年来克隆技术发展迅速，多种哺乳动物相继克隆成功，但也存在克隆效率太低、克隆动物表型正常而实质异常的问题。本文详细阐述了克隆效率太低、克隆动物表型正常而实质异常问题，介绍了当前动物克隆技术的发展现状，并对动物克隆涉及的技术进行了总结和概括，着重介绍了卵母细胞的去核方法和重组胚的构建方法。

Status and Research Progress in the Mammalian Cloning

Mammalian cell cloning is the most compelling high-technology in life sciences in the late 20th century. It is important because of its roles played in the reproduction of good breeding stock, reduction of the number of experimental animals, reserving of animal genetic diversity, saving of endangered animals, transgenic animal breeding and other aspects. A variety of cloning animals have been made successful, but with a low efficiency and frequent abnormality in birth weight and physiological conditions, which are discussed in detail in this paper, together with the current developments of animal cloning, and the technologies involved in cloning animals. The methods to remove the nuclei from oocytes and to reconstruct embryos are highlighted. The application prospects are also commented.