1961—2010年中国旱灾时空分布特征研究

采用《中国统计年鉴》和中国农业灾情数据库中的统计资料，重建了1961—2010年中国旱灾的时空分布特征．通过对旱灾时间分布特征的研究结果表明，近50年我国的干旱化程度呈上升趋势．干旱的时间分布存在几个明显的高值区和低值区，旱灾严重年份大多分布在高值区内，旱灾较轻年份大多分布在低值区内．对旱灾空间分布特征的研究结果表明，中国旱灾的空间格局存在东西分异，且以东部型为主．旱灾在不同省（市、区）的分布有很大的差异，山西、河北、内蒙古、山东等省份的旱情比较严重．另外，中国各区域旱灾的季节分布差异也很大，东北、华北和西北地区多发生春、夏旱，长江中下游地区多发生夏、秋旱，华南和西南地区多发生冬春连旱，青藏高原地区的干旱主要发生在5—7月和10月．

A RESEARCH ON TEMPORAL-SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION CHARACTERISTICS OF DROUGHT HAZARD IN CHINA DURING 1961-2010

In this paper, the temporal - spatial pattern of drought disaster in China from 1961 to 2010 was reconstructed, based on statistics from ＂China Statistical Yearbook＂ and the Chinese agricultural disaster database. Study on temporal distribution characteristics of drought showed that occurrence of the drought hazard had a rising trend in recent 50 years. There were obviously several high - value and low - value areas in temporal distribution of drought. Serious droughty years were mostly distributed in high - value areas, while lighter droughty years mostly in low- value areas. Study on spatial distribution characteristics of drought showed that there was a tremendous difference between eastern and western China. Drought in eastern China accounted for a large proportion. Spatial distribution of drought diverged greatly in different provinces （ cities, districts）. Serious drought hazards occurred frequently in provinces such as Shanxi, Hebei, Inner Mongolia and Shandong. In addition, seasonal distribution of drought in different regions varied greatly. Northeast China, North China and Northwest China had a higher spring and summer drought occurrence frequency. The middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River had a higher summer and autumn drought occurrence frequency. Winter - spring drought occurred frequently in South China and Southwest China. Drought in Qinghai -Tibet Plateau mainly occurred in May- July and October.