河南省玉米生产与肥料施用状况

通过对河南省21个县市的玉米生产与肥料施用状况进行农户抽样调查表明：河南省玉米产量以6000-7500kg／hm^2所占比例最大，占到调查农户的50％；4500—6000kg／hm^2产量范围的农户所占比例次之，为31．84％；而小于3500kg／hm^2和大于7500kg／hm^2所占比例分别为1．05％和8．16％．玉米氮肥用量变化为3．1～667．4kg／hm^2，平均为293．3kg／hm^2；磷肥用量变化为0～760．5kg／hm^2，平均97．9kg／hm^2；钾肥用量变化为3．4-50．9kg／hm^2，平均25．9kg／hm^2．玉米生产中氮肥施用量为90—270kg/hm^2占到调查样本的57．04％，其中基肥用量以小于45kg／hm^2所占比例最高，其次为90—135kg／hm^2；追肥用量以135～180kg／hm^2最大，为20．10％．磷肥用量以45—90kg／hm^2所占比例最大，为28．27％；钾肥以不施钾所占比例最高，为39．73％．玉米产量与氮、磷、钾养分总量和氮肥、磷肥和钾肥用量之间关系不显著，氮肥偏生产力以10—20kg／kg所占比例最大，占到调查样本的38．50％，其次为20—30kg／kg，占到调查样本的27．27％；磷肥、钾肥偏生产力均以45—75kg／kg最大，分别占到调查样本的35．46％和26．87％．

The Maize Production and Fertilizers Application in Henan Province

In order to understand the maize production and fertilizer application in Henan province,more than 20 counties and 399 farmers were investigated through questionnaire method,the results showed that corn yield between 6 000～7 500 kg/hm2 taken up the maximal proportion of 50 %,4 500～6 000 kg/hm2 taken up proportion of 31.84 %, higher than 7 500 kg/hm2 and lower than 3 500 kg/hm2 taken up proportion of 8.16 % and 1.05 %. The amount of nitrogen fertilizer on corn changed from 3.1～667.4 kg/hm2,averaged 97.9 kg/hm2;Amount of phosphate fertilizer changed from 0 to 760.5 kg/hm2,averaged 183.1 kg/hm2;Potassium changed from 3.4 to 50.9 kg/hm2,averaged 25.9 kg/hm2. Nitrogen fertilizer rate between 90～270 kg/hm2 taken up 57.04 %,and the amount of basal fertilizer rate less than 45 kg/hm2 taken up the maximal proportion. The amount of phosphate fertilizer on corn between 45～90 kg/hm2 taken up 28.27 %,no potassium application taken up the maximal proportion on corn. The corn yield has no significant relationship with nitrogen,phosphate,potassium fertilizer. PFP of nitrogen fertilizer between 10～20 kg/kg taken up the maximal proportion of 38.50 %,20～30 kg/kg taken up of 27.27 %. PFP of phosphate fertilizer and potassium fertilizer between 45～75 kg/kg taken up maximal proportion of 35.46 % and 26.87 %.