浅论我国公平责任的立法规制及其改善

我国《侵权责任法》虽已颁布,但民法学界对侵权责任的一些基本问题实际上尚未进行深入探究和充分研讨。在欠缺充分学理积累的情况下仓促制定的《侵权责任法》乃至今后将要制定的民法典无异于先天不足的早产儿。对侵权责任制度而言具有根本性意义的首先是归责原则问题。我国民法学界在20世纪80年代末与20世纪90年代前期对该问题曾有过激烈论争,但此后逐渐归于沉寂。近两年来随着《侵权责任法》的起草和颁布,出现了大量关于侵权责任的研究成果,但涉及归责原则的则相对较少。笔者拟对传统的过错责任原则及我国民法中的“公平责任原则”予以检讨,并尝试对侵权行为的归责提出立法设想。

The Legislative Law and Improvement of Fair Liability in China

Although the Tort Liability Law has been issued in China, some basic problems concerning tort liability are lack of further exploration in civil law field. The essential part of the tort liability system is the imputation principle which has been heatedly argued in civil law circle during the later 1980s and the early 1990s. With the drafting and promulgation of the Tort Liability Law recently, a large number of researches have been conducted among which, however, few are concerned with imputation principle. The paper summarized the traditional fault liability and the fair liability law in civil law trying to propose some ideas about imputation of tort behavior.