美国海洋科技政策特征及其对中国的启示

 梳理了“冷战”以来美国主要海洋科技政策，发现具有系统协调、涉及面广、重点突出等特征，与之相比，中国海洋科技政策及海洋事业的发展还存在管理工作分散、创新与成果转化能力不足、资金投入渠道单一、海洋人才培养滞后、优先研究计划不完善等问题。为加快实现海洋强国梦想，今后中国在海洋科技政策制定上应注重加强统筹协调能力；提高自主创新能力与科技成果转化率；注重形成多渠道融资机制；加强海洋终身教育与高端人才培养；完善优先研究计划，加强海洋生态环境保护。

Characteristics of US marine science and technology policy and its enlightenment to China

The 21st century is the century of the ocean, and the prosperity and the decline of a country are very much related to the ocean. With a review of the marine science and technology policy of the United States since the Cold War, it is found that this policy has the characteristics of systematic coordination, wide coverage and prominent emphasis. In contrast, the development of China's marine science and technology policy and the marine development are not in very good shape, with a decentralized management system, the insufficient innovation and achievement and transformation capacity, with only a single channel of the fund input, the inadequate marine talent training, and the imperfect priority research plan. In order to realize the dream of becoming a powerful ocean country, we should strengthen the ability of the overall planning and the coordination in the policy formulation of the marine science and technology; improve the ability of the independent innovation and the conversion rate of the scientific and technological achievements; pay attention to the establishment of the multi-channel financing mechanism, the lifelong marine education and the high-end talent training; improve the priority research plans and strengthen the marine ecological and environmental protection.