供应链采用RFID的标签成本阈值分析及契约协调

无线射频(radio frequency identification,RFID)技术能够消除需求信息不对称并减小需求预测误差,同时增加供应链的运作成本,如何分析RFID标签成本的影响并协调链上成员的收益是本文研究的问题.本文通过建立RFID采用前后分散式和集中式供应链的收益模型,分析了RFID标签成本阈值对批发价、服务水平和协调参数的影响;在此基础上通过两部定价契约进行协调.研究发现:分散式供应链"双重边际化"效应的大小与RFID标签成本负相关;当RFID标签成本位于某一阈值时,采用RFID能够提升分散式供应链的服务水平并实现成员收益的Pareto改进,同时降低制造商的批发价;集中式供应链采用RFID会降低服务水平;两部定价契约均能协调RFID采用前后的供应链,但是采用RFID后契约的批发价参数变大,固定费用参数区间的上下界及范围均与RFID标签成本负相关.

Research on the tag cost thresholds and coordination of supply chain with RFID

Radio frequency identification (RFID) technology can eliminate asymmetric information between supply chain players and reduce the demand forecast error problems. However, it also increases the supply chain cost, which makes it urgent to study the influence of RFID tag cost thresholds and coordination of supply chain members' revenue. This paper studies the profits of both decentralized and centralized cases with/without RFID. Then we focus on analyzing the change of wholesale price, service levels and contract parameters with RFID tag cost thresholds, and using two-part tariffs contract to coordinate the supply chain. The conclusions are following: The "double marginalization" of decentralized supply chain is in negative correlation to RFID tag cost. The service level will increase, the players' revenue will achieve Pareto improvement and the manufacturer's wholesale price will be reduced in decentralized supply chain with RFID when the tag cost is in a certain interval. The centralized supply chain's service level will decrease with RFID. The two-part tariffs contract can coordinate the supply chain with/without RFID, but the wholesale price parameter will be larger with RFID and the fixed cost parameters' scope and interval bounds are both in negative correlation to RFID tag cost.