城市绿地生态系统蒸散的研究进展

在城市化过程中，城市绿地的规划和建设在不断完善，已逐渐形成具有城市特色的绿地生态系统.该生态系统具有美化环境、净化空气和减少噪音等方面的生态功能，对城市更新和人体健康有重要的作用.城市绿地的生态和水文过程是研究绿地生态系统功能的重要因素，尤其是蒸散作为生态过程和水文过程相互作用机制的重要环节，在城市绿地生态水文研究中具有重要意义.文章从城市绿地生态系统的研究内容、研究尺度、研究方法及对国内外研究进展和未来研究方向等方面进行了综述；提出在城市绿地生态系统生态水文研究中，应该把尺度转换问题作为城市绿地生态系统蒸散研究的主要问题之一；同时提出将城市绿地生态系统的水文过程和生态过程在空间和时间上加以整合，揭示影响绿地生态系统蒸散各因子之间的相互作用机制，也是城市生态水文学迫切解决的科学问题之一；最后，对未来应加强城市绿地生态系统蒸散和暴雨内涝的相互作用机制研究、重视不同尺度的城市绿地生态系统水文过程的长期定位观测及绿地的功能布局对人类健康的影响研究进行展望.

Progress in the Research on Evapotranspiration of Urban Green Space Ecosystem

In the process of urbanization, the planning and construction of urban green space has been continuously improved, and a green space ecosystem with urban characteristics has gradually formed. The urban green space ecosystem has the ecological functions of beautifying the environment, purifying the air and reducing noise of the area and has played an important role in urban regeneration and human health. The ecological and hydrological processes of urban green space are important factors in studying the functions of urban green space ecosystems. Especially, evapotranspiration, as an important link in the interaction between the ecological process and the hydrological process, has great significance in the research on urban green space ecological hydrology. The progress and directions in domestic and foreign research on urban green space ecosystem are summarized from the three aspects of content, scale and method. It is proposed that in the study of urban green space ecosystem ecohydrology, the pro- blem of scale conversion should be considered one of the main issues in the study of evapotranspiration of urban green space ecosystem. Meanwhile, the hydrological process and the ecological process of the urban green space ecosystem should be integrated in terms of space and time, and the mechanism of the interaction among the factors affecting the evapotranspiration of the green space ecosystem is one of the urgent scientific problems to be solved in the research on urban ecological hydrology. Finally, in the future, importance needs to be attached to the research on the mechanism of the interaction between evapotranspiration of urban green space ecosystem and urban rainstorm waterlogging, on the long-term positioning observation of hydrological process of urban green space ecosystem at different scales, and on the impact of green space layout on human health.