肿瘤免疫:肿瘤治疗的新希望

 随着肿瘤学、免疫学及分子生物学等相关学科的迅速发展和交叉渗透，肿瘤免疫治疗技术突飞猛进，成为肿瘤治疗新的热点。肿瘤免疫治疗是应用免疫学原理和方法，提高肿瘤细胞的免疫原性和对效应细胞杀伤的敏感性，激发和增强机体抗肿瘤免疫应答，并应用免疫细胞和效应分子输注宿主体内，协同机体免疫系统杀伤肿瘤、抑制肿瘤生长。在某些肿瘤，如黑色素瘤、非小细胞肺癌等，免疫治疗展现出强大的抗肿瘤活性，部分免疫治疗药物已经获得美国FDA批准。2013年《Science》杂志将肿瘤的免疫治疗评为年度最重要的科学突破。免疫治疗成为继手术、放射治疗和化学治疗之后又一种重要的抗肿瘤治疗手段，成为攻克恶性肿瘤的希望。本文综述肿瘤免疫学的历史、发展规律、未来方向及中国的肿瘤免疫发展情况。

Tumor immunity: New hope of cancer therapy

With the rapid development and the interactions with the oncology, the molecular biology and the immunology, the tumor immunotherapy has become a new hotspot in the cancer therapy. It is based on the immunological principles and the methods to improve the immunogenicity of tumor cells and the sensitivity of natural killer cells and T cells, to stimulate and enhance the body's anti-tumor immune responses, and to kill tumor cells and inhibit tumor growth. For various tumor types such as the melanoma and non-small cell lung cancer, the immunotherapy shows strong anti-tumor effects. Some immunotherapeutic drugs have been approved by the US Food and Drug Administration. In 2013, Science magazine ranked the tumor immunotherapy as the year's most important scientific breakthrough. It has become an important tool for cancer therapy, along with the surgery, the radiotherapy and the chemotherapy, representing the hope of curing malignancies. In this paper, the history, the development, the future directions of the tumor immunology and the tumor immunity development in China are reviewed.