维药神香草超临界CO_2流体萃取物的抗炎、止咳、祛痰作用及其对哮喘大鼠气道炎症的影响

观察维药神香草超临界CO_2流体萃取物的抗炎、止咳、祛痰作用及哮喘大鼠肺组织病理学改变,测定支气管肺泡灌洗液(BALF)细胞总数、淋巴细胞(Ly)、嗜酸性粒细胞(Eos)、中性粒细胞(Neu)的百分比及肺组织和BALF中的转化生长因子-β1(TGF-β1)水平,探讨其抗炎、止咳、祛痰作用及其对哮喘大鼠气道炎症的影响,为维药神香草的开发利用奠定基础。通过小鼠右耳二甲苯致炎法、氨水喷雾致小鼠咳嗽法、小鼠气管酚红排泌法进行抗炎、止咳、祛痰实验。哮喘大鼠气道炎症的影响实验中,采用卵清白蛋白(OVA)致敏和激发法复制哮喘模型,进行药物干预,观察肺组织病理学改变,测定BALF中细胞总数、Ly、Eos、Neu的百分比;以酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)法检测肺组织及BALF中TGF-β1水平。结果显示,不同剂量给药组可明显抑制二甲苯致小鼠的耳廓肿(P0.05)、减少氨水喷雾致小鼠咳嗽次数(P0.05)、促进小鼠气管酚红排泌(P0.05),且均呈明显的剂量依赖关系;与模型组比较,各给药组大鼠BALF中细胞总数,Ly、Eos、Neu的百分比,TGF-β1水平及肺组织中的TGF-β1水平均明显下降,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);由此推测,维药神香草超临界CO_2流体萃取物具有显著的抗炎、止咳及祛痰作用,其可能通过抑制Ly、Eos、Neu等炎症细胞及细胞因子TGF-β1的分泌,减轻或改善哮喘的气道炎症。

Anti-inflammatory,antitussive and expectorant effects of traditional Uyghur medicinal herb Hyssopus officinalis L. extract and its effect on asthmatic rats with airway inflammation

This paper studies the anti-inflammatory, antitussive, and expectorant effects of traditional Uyghur medicinal herb Hyssopus officinalis L. extract by supercritical CO₂ fluid and its effect on pathological changes in lung tissue of asthmatic rats. The total number of cells and percentage of lymphocytes (Ly), eosinophils (Eos), and neutrophils (Neu) in BALF, the level of TGF-β1 in BALF and lung tissue were measured. The anti-inflammatory effect was studied by the external ear swelling of mice induced by dimethyl benzene. The antitussive effect was studied by the cough model induced by ammonia in mice. The expectorant effect was studied by a mouse model of phenoled test. They were sensitized with OVA, Al(OH)₃ and DPT vaccine and then were challenged with inhalation of aerosolized OVA solution for preparation of the asthma model. The level of lung tissue and BALF TGF-β1 were determined with ELISA, and the total number of cells and percentage of Ly, Eos, and Neu in BALF were counted by light microscopy. The experimental results showed that the extract significantly inhibited xylene-induced ear edema in mice (P<0.05), reduced the number of ammonia spray-induced cough in mice (P<0.05), and promoted the phenol red excretion of the trachea (P<0.05), so that the latency was significantly prolonged in asthmatic guinea pigs (P<0.05) and a dose-dependent trend was shown. As compared with those of the asthma model group, the level of TGF-β1, total number of cells and percentage of Ly, Eos, and Neu in BALF and the level of lung tissue TGF-β1 were significantly lower in the treated groups (P<0.05). The results indicated that Hyssopus officinalis L. extract had outstanding anti-inflammatory, antitussive, and expectorant effects, and it inhibited secretion of TGF-β1, Ly, Eos, and Neu, reducing the airway inflammation of asthma.