国际核能发展态势

石油和天然气价格的上涨,以及温室气体减排压力,使得核能利用备受关注。在欧美发达国家,核电站及其他核设施的相继退役,既给反对核能找到了借口,也给核能的发展提供了机遇——如果核废物能够适当处理的话。综述了国际核能利用的现状、特点,以及核能技术(包括第三代和第四代核能技术、核聚变技术、燃料循环技术等)的研究进展状况,展望了未来核能发展的态势及其对中国核能发展的启示。

Development Trend of Nuclear Energy in the World

With the rising prices of oil and natural gas, and under the emission reduction demand of green house gas (GHG), the nuclear energy is causing wide concern. At the same time, some of the nuclear plants and nuclear facilities in Europe and America are out of decommission continuously, which provides not only the excuses to the nuclear opposition camp, but also the opportunities of nuclear development under the conditions of proper disposal of nuclear waste. This paper summarizes the current status and features of nuclear energy utilization, the research of nuclear energy technologies which includes nuclear technologies of Gen III and Gen IV, the nuclear fusion and the nuclear fuel cycle, etc.. The nuclear future prospect is also provided, with suggestions to China nuclear development.