电力系统接地装置腐蚀特性及其诊断技术

接地装置是保证电力设备安全稳定运行和人身安全的重要基础。国内接地装置以碳钢等易腐蚀金属材料为主，随着投运时间增加，难以避免腐蚀断裂等问题，容易引发接地装置腐蚀导致的过电压、跳闸等事故。因此，研究接地装置腐蚀特性及其诊断技术能够有效避免接地装置腐蚀导致的电力事故，具有重大意义。文中从接地装置腐蚀特性的角度出发，介绍了碳钢接地材料的腐蚀机理、常用接地材料的腐蚀特性、土壤的腐蚀特性、电流对接地装置腐蚀的影响；分析了接地装置腐蚀防护措施的特点，对比了电化学腐蚀诊断方法、电网络分析诊断方法、电磁场分析诊断方法3类典型接地装置腐蚀诊断方法的优缺点；根据接地装置的实际腐蚀情况，总结了现有研究面临的挑战。建议下一步研究重点围绕解决不同接地材料之间的腐蚀研究、新型耐腐蚀接地材料研究、接地装置实际腐蚀程度量化、接地装置潜在腐蚀故障诊断、接地引下线腐蚀故障快速诊断等关键问题展开，为准确诊断接地装置的实际腐蚀程度、避免接地腐蚀故障导致的电力事故奠定基础。

Corrosion characteristics and diagnosis technologies of grounding devices in power systems

Grounding devices serve as essential foundations to ensure the safe and stable operation of power equipment and personal safety. Typically constructed with corrosive metal materials like carbon steel, domestic grounding devices are prone to issues such as corrosion fractures over time, leading to potential overvoltage and tripping accidents. Therefore, studying the corrosion characteristics and diagnosis technologies of these grounding devices becomes crucial in preventing power accidents caused by corrosion. From the perspective of the corrosion characteristics of grounding devices, in this paper, the corrosion mechanism of carbon steel grounding materials, corrosion characteristics of common grounding materials, soil corrosion characteristics, and effects of current on grounding device corrosion are reviewed. Various anti-corrosion measures for grounding devices are evaluated, and electrochemical corrosion diagnosis methods, electrical network diagnosis methods, and electromagnetic field analysis diagnosis methods are compared, with their pros and cons highlighted. Challenges faced by existing research in dealing with grounding device corrosion are summarized, and it is suggested that future studies focus on exploring corrosion interactions among different grounding materials, developing new corrosion-resistant grounding materials, quantifying actual corrosion levels in grounding devices, diagnosing potential corrosion faults, and swiftly identifying corrosion issues in ground lead conductors to prevent power accidents effectively.