Myelin sheaths: glycoproteins involved in their formation,maintenance and degeneration |
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Authors: | Quarles R H |
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Institution: | (1) Myelin and Brain Development Section, Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Neurobiology, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Room 2A28, Building 49, MSC 4440, 49 Convent Drive, NIH, Bethesda Maryland 20892 (USA), Fax +1 301 496 8244, e-mail: quarlesr@ninds.nih.gov, US |
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Abstract: | Myelin sheaths are formed around axons by extending, biochemically modifying and spiraling plasma membranes of Schwann cells
in the peripheral nervous system (PNS) and oligodendrocytes in the central nervous system (CNS). Because glycoproteins are
prominent components of plasma membranes, it is not surprising that they have important roles in the formation, maintenance
and degeneration of myelin sheaths. The emphasis in this review is on four integral membrane glycoproteins. Two of them, protein
zero (P0) and peripheral myelin protein-22 (PMP-22), are components of compact PNS myelin. The other two are preferentially
localized in membranes of sheaths that are distinct from compact myelin. One is the myelin-associated glycoprotein, which
is localized at the inside of sheaths where it functions in glia-axon interactions in both the PNS and CNS. The other is the
myelin-oligodendrocyte glycoprotein, which is preferentially localized on the outside of CNS myelin sheaths and appears to
be an important target antigen in autoimmune demyelinating diseases such as multiple sclerosis.
Received 8 April 2002; received after revision 13 May 2002; accepted 22 May 2002 |
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Keywords: | , Glycoprotein, myelin, myelin-associated glycoprotein, myelin-oligodendrocyte glycoprotein, oligodendrocyte, peripheral,,,,,myelin protein-22, protein zero, Schwann cell, |
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