稠油降黏新技术的研究进展

稠油中含有大量胶质、沥青质,造成其黏度高、密度大、流动性差,给稠油的开采和输送造成了很大困难.常规降黏方法,包括加热降黏、稀释降黏及乳化降黏,都有其不可克服的缺点.介绍了5种新型降黏技术的作用机理及其在国内的研究应用情况,包括油溶性降黏剂降黏、水热催化裂解降黏、微生物降黏、超声波降黏、磁处理降黏.指出目前单一降黏方法难以解决稠油的开采和输送问题,采用合理的复配技术是解决稠油降黏的有效途径.

Research progress in new viscosity-reducing techniques for heavy oil

It is difficult to develop and transport heavy oil due to its high density,high viscosity and poor fluidity.The conventional viscosity-reducing methods,including heating viscosity-reducing,dilution viscosity-reducing and emulsion viscosity-reducing,all have some insurmountable shortcomings.For this reason,some new viscosity-reducing techniques are developed.The viscosity reducing mechanism and application of 5 advanced viscosity-reducing methods are introduced,including oil-soluble viscosity reducer viscosity-reducing,aquathermolysis viscosity-reducing,micro-organism viscosity-reducing,ultrasonic wave viscosity-reducing and magnetism viscosity-reducing,and it is held that single viscosity-reducing method is difficult to solve the exploitation and transportation of heavy oil,and complex viscosity-reducing techniques are effective ways to reduce viscosity of heavy oil.