Plant crop remains from the outer burial pit of the Han Yangling Mausoleum and their significance to Early Western Han agriculture |
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Authors: | XiaoYan Yang ChangJiang Liu JianPing Zhang WuZhan Yang XiaoHu Zhang HouYuan Lü |
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Institution: | (1) Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China;(2) Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100091, China;(3) Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100029, China;(4) Shaanxi Provincial Institute of Archaeology, Xi’an, 710001, China;(5) College of Urban and Environmental Science, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China |
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Abstract: | A large amount of carbonized plant remains were discovered in one of the outer burial pits of the Han Yangling Mausoleum,
which was built more than 2000 years ago for the Jing Emperor, Liu, Qi (188—141 cal a BC), the fourth emperor of the Western
Han Dynasty. The remains are identified by phytolith analysis and macrofossil morphological features. Seeds from foxtail millet
(Setaria italica), broomcorn millet (Panicum miliaceum), rice (Oryza sativa) and chenopod (possible Chenopodium giganteum) are identified, suggesting that these four crops might have been the staple plant foods in the capital area (Guanzhong area),
Shaanxi Province during the Early Western Han Dynasty. Chenopods were often considered as weeds since they have only been
rarely found as carbonized seeds in prehistoric sites. This is the first time such a large amount of seeds has been found
at a site, which provides strong material evidence for chenopod cultivation with a long history in China. Wheat was thought
to be promoted and popularized in the Guanzhong area since the Wu Emporor, Liu, Che (156—87 cal a BC), the fifth emperor of
the Western Han Dynasty. No wheat was found at this site, which supports the historical document record that wheat was still
secondary in the diet and agrarian economy before the Wu Emperor’s reign.
Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No.40771205), National Science Fund for Distinguished Young
Scholars (Grant No. 40625002), Chinese Civilization Origins Project (Grant No. 2006BAK21B20) and Knowledge Innovation Project
from Chinese Academy of Sciences (Grant No. KZCX2-YW-315-5) |
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Keywords: | crop remains Early Western Han agriculture Han Yangling Mausoleum |
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