甘德县“德尔文部落”煨桑仪式的田野考察

青海省果洛甘德县有一个格萨尔艺人辈出的德尔文部落,他们自称是格萨尔王的后裔,且认为格萨尔王是莲花生大师的转世、佛教三怙主的代表。因此,整个部落信仰格萨尔王。每年藏历六月去神山煨桑烟祭是部落生活的重中之重,他们通过公共煨桑仪式供养佛、菩萨、格萨尔王、护法神、战神、地方神和土地神等,祈祷佛法兴盛、世界和平、社会和谐、人们幸福等。文章在实地田野作业的基础上,就德尔文部落的基本情况、祖先传说、煨桑仪式的原由、时间、参加人员、祭祀地点和神灵系统、煨桑仪式过程以及仪式完毕后的各项娱乐活动做了民俗志的描述,认为这种集体煨桑仪式是承载了德尔文部落神圣信仰的宗教行为,部落的历史记忆则通过赛马、射箭、说唱《格萨尔》等活动得以传承,这一集体仪式也加强了部落内部的凝聚力和认同感。

A Field Research on a Religious Ceremony of Derwin Tribe in Gander County: Burning Aromatic Plants

On the basis of the fieldwork on Derwin Tribe in the respects of the situation of the tribe,its legends,in addition to one of their religious ceremonies,namely burning aromatic plants,the reasons,occasions,participants,locations,their gods,the process of the ceremony and the entertainments during the ceremony are introduced in the article.The folk custom indicates the religious belief of Derwin Tribe,whose history is alive with horse racing,archery,talking and singing of the epic of King Gesar.The collectiv...