晚清藏边民族纠纷解决中的角色职能析论——以光绪年间循化厅所辖藏区为例

晚清藏边民族纠纷解决中,看似杂乱的角色分配对象,若以其角色职能爬梳甄别,便可脉络清晰。以光绪年间循化厅所辖藏区为例,在民族纠纷解决中,直接参与的角色分配对象有循化厅之下属抚番府、营、县、营汛、司、所;寺院中嘉木样、新旧昂锁、红布、具有威望的活佛、熟知番事的喇嘛;民间的部落头人、乡老、邻里等。但是,按其角色职能进行归类,可以分为谕饬、讲说、弹压;勘查、缉捕、调兵;研讯、保释、鉴结,这些角色职能同时也可以反映出民族纠纷解决的基本程序。

The Mediators in the Disputes between Ethnic Groups in the Border Areas of Tibet in the Late Qing Dynasty——the Tibetan-inhabited area in Xunhua,Qinghai in the period of Emperor Guangxu

The mediators in the disputes between ethnic groups in the border areas of Tibet in the Late Qing Dynasty seemed disorganized,but actually they are easy to be identified,for instance,in the Tibetan-inhabited area in Xunhua,Qinghai in the period of Emperor Guangxu,the mediators were Xunhua's government official in all levels,highly-regarded Lamas,and some common people.Different mediators applied for different ways to settle the disputes in various procedures.