湖泊——内陆水体微塑料污染的热点区域

近年来越来越多的研究开始关注内陆水体的微塑料污染状况。湖泊由于其独特的水文水动力特征，可能成为流域内微塑料的重要汇，因此湖泊也是内陆水体微塑料污染研究重点关注的区域。目前，对北美洲、亚洲、欧洲、非洲和南美洲大中型湖泊的相关研究发现了丰度较高的微塑料污染。流域内人类活动产生的塑料垃圾是湖泊微塑料污染的主要来源，并且对湖泊中微塑料的分布产生重要影响。人类活动密集的湖泊和水库区域微塑料丰度也较高。风力和湖流作用下微塑料在湖泊内水平迁移；而在相对静稳的湖泊中，水动力条件、生物膜和颗粒物的协同作用、水生生物的摄食，使得微塑料从水表层到沉积物表层垂向迁移。未来，湖泊微塑料污染还需要采用标准化调查方法，进一步解析微塑料污染的来源，并从生态系统角度评估湖泊微塑料污染的毒性效应。

Lakes—hotspots of microplastic pollution in inland water bodies

In recent years, more and more studies have been focused on the microplastic pollution status of inland water bodies. Lakes, due to their unique hydrodynamic characteristics, could be important sinks for microplastics in watersheds, and therefore lakes are the areas of focusing for microplastic pollution studies in inland water bodies. Currently, related studies have found microplastic pollution in high abundance in large and medium-sized lakes in North America, Asia, Europe, Africa and South America. Plastic wastes from human activities in the watershed are the main source of microplastic pollution in lakes and have an important impact on the distribution of microplastics in lakes. The abundance of microplastics is also higher in lakes and reservoir areas with intensive human activities. Microplastics in lakes can be transported horizontally within the lake by wind and lake currents, while the relatively hydrostatic and hydrodynamic conditions of the lake, the synergistic effects of biofilm and particulate matter, and the feeding of aquatic organisms also allow the vertical transport of microplastics from the water surface to the sediment surface in lakes. In the future, lake microplastic pollution needs to be further resolved in terms of sources of microplastic pollution with standardized investigation methods and to assess the toxic effects of lake microplastic pollution from an ecosystem perspective.