液晶纤维素及其衍生物材料的结构与性能

基于国内外最新研究文献，系统论述了液晶纤维素及其衍生物薄膜、纤维、功能分离膜、交联凝胶等材料的成型、结构与性能。指出这类液晶聚合物具有胆甾相或向列相液晶态。与各向同性态的同种材料相比，各向异性态的液晶纤维素及其衍生物材料具有更优异性能。双轴取向液晶三乙酸纤维素薄膜的拉伸强度和弹性模量分别可310MPa和6．3GPa；由液晶态干湿法纺丝所获得的高分子量纤维素纤维的抗张强度和弹性模量分别可高达2．2GPa和65GPa。液晶纤维素及其衍生物分离膜也表现出高得多的气体选择透过性能。其液晶交联凝胶中，凝胶所占质量分数高达98％，以及具有显著不同于各向同性态凝胶的液胀行为。液晶纤维素及其衍生物可望作为生产高级包装膜、功能纤维、气体分离膜、各向异性功能凝胶等的重要材料。

Structure and Properties of Liquid Crystalline Cellulose and Its Derivatives Materials

A broad survey of the formation,structure and properties of the film,fiber,membrane and gel for liquid crystalline cellulose and its derivatives is provided based on the latest literature abroad.It is pointed out that their liquid crystalline phases are generally cholesteric or nematic,and they possess higher performance as compared with the same materials exhibiting isotropic phase.The tensile strength and elastic modulus of the thin film of liquid crystalline cellulose triacetate with double axial orientation can reach up to 310 MPa and 6.3 GPa respectively.The tensile strength and elastic modulus of the cellulose fiber with high molecular weight by dry-wet spinning in liquid crystal phase reach to 2.2 GPa and 65 GPa respectively.The gas permselectivity through liquid crystalline cellulose and its derivatives membranes are greater than those of the isotropic membranes.The high content of crosslinked gel,98%,for liquid crystalline cellulose and its derivatives is available,and they exhibit obviously different swelling behaviors as compared with anisotropic gel.They would be potentially served as advanced packaging films,functional fibers,gas separating membranes,and anisotropic functional gels.