1932年教育部化学讨论会:中国现代化学共同体形成的标志

1932年教育部召集化学讨论会的主要原因是国家对国防化学的需要,也兼顾了化学课程标准和化学译名.但是,其根本的动力仍然来自中国化学界内部交流的需要.参加讨论会的45位化学专家都曾留学欧美或日本,代表着国内主要的教育和学术机构.在这次讨论会上,与会者不仅以投票表决的方式约定了许多切实可行的议决案,而且发起组织了中国化学会.在讨论会议决案的形成和实施过程中,中国化学会都发挥了重要作用.这次讨论会不仅是中国化学界的第一次国内集会,也是中国现代化学共同体形成的标志.

Chemistry Forum Sponsored by Ministry of Education in 1932: A Mark of the Establishment of Modern Chinese Chemical Community

Through examining and analyzing the Chemistry Forum,China Chemistry Circles'first congregation inside the country,sponsored by China's Ministry of Education in the summer of 1932,this paper draws a conclusion that although the government gave three reasons for sponsoring the Chemistry Forum through which China's leading chemists could gather in Nanking to discuss the problems on national defense chemistry,chemical curriculum standard and chemical translated terms.The main cause of the Chemistry Forum was the state's need of national defense chemistry.Meanwhile the Chemistry Forum would give attention to other two things.In fact,the essential drive came from China Chemistry Circles within which there were needs to commune.The list includes forty-five individuals,all male,ranging in age from twenty-seven to forty-four,with an average age of thirty-three.Three-fifths were natives of Kiangsu,Chekiang,or Kwangtung.All had studied abroad.These chemists belonged to the new generation of scientists in China.They were distinguished from their predecessors in the way that they were more committed to research and teaching as their professional responsibility,and less interested in the broad political and cultural concerns that had preoccupied intellectuals of the May Fourth era.There generated many feasible proposals about national defense chemistry,chemical curriculum standard and chemical translated terms during the conference,especially the chemical curriculum standard about university which hadn't been included in curriculum standard issued by China's Ministry of Education before 1932.The other important thing is that the chemists established the Chinese Chemical Society spontaneously during the conference.This meant that the scientific community of China's Chemistry Circles had been formed then.And the community had played an important role in the process of final proposals' formation and their being put in practice.In one word,the Chemistry Forum is a historic conference,which is a mark of the establishment of the Chinese Chemical Society.