电解海水阴极析氢非贵金属电催化剂研究进展

氢能具有高能量密度、绿色可持续的优点，是人类社会的理想能源。电解海水制氢是未来氢能产业的战略方向，其中阴极析氢催化剂的活性和稳定性对电解海水制氢的发展至关重要。贵金属铂虽具备优异的析氢催化性能，但价格昂贵、资源有限，限制了其大规模应用。因此，对非贵金属催化剂的研究备受关注。从析氢反应原理入手，介绍了过电位、塔菲尔斜率、法拉第效率、比活性和质量活性等评价催化性能的几个重要参数，综述分析了多种非贵金属催化剂作为电解海水制氢阴极催化剂的研究现状，指出了目前电解海水制氢面临的问题，认为未来非贵金属催化剂规模化电解海水阴极析氢研究应从以下几方面开展：1）设计高活性和稳定性的非贵金属催化剂；2）优化非贵金属催化剂的制备工艺；3）利用先进测试表征手段辅助构建反应模型；4）深化理论计算机理方面的研究。

Review of nonprecious metal electrocatalysts in cathode hydrogen generation by seawater electrocatalysis

Hydrogen energy has the advantages of high energy density,green and sustainability,which make it an ideal energy source for human society.Hydrogen generation by seawater electrocatalysis becomes the strategic direction of hydrogen energy industry in the future.The activity and stability of cathode hydrogen evolution catalyst are vital to this hydrogen energy strategy.Although the precious metal Pt-based electrocatalysts have shown excellent catalytic performance on hydrogen evolution,the high price and scarce resources limit their large-scale application.Therefore,nonprecious metal electrocatalysts have attracted much research attention.Starting from the principle of hydrogen evolution reaction,important parameters of overpotential,Tafel slope,Faraday efficiency,specific activity and mass activity,etc.were introduced to evaluate catalytic performances.The review summarized recent progress on multiple nonprecious metal electrocatalysts for cathode hydrogen generation by seawater electrocatalysis,and the problems of current research was clarified.Additionally,the future research of nonprecious metal electrocatalysts in cathode for large-scale hydrogen generation by seawater electrocatalysis was prospected from the following aspects:1) Designing nonprecious metal catalysts with high activity and stability;2) Optimizing production and preparation process of nonprecious metal catalyst;3) Using advanced test and characterization to construct reaction models;4) Deepening theoretical calculation for the mechanism research.