学术发包制:具有中国特色的学术治理模式

作为混合治理形态,学术发包制是具有中国特色的一种学术治理模式。“学术发包制”意指政府与大学、社会与大学以及大学组织内部围绕学术任务而形成的一种发包关系,这一制度形态作为学科建设的重要实践方式已经深嵌在学术事务之中。学术发包制以科层制为制度根基,以项目制为制度手段,以学术锦标赛为制度精神,其制度呈现包括学术治理权分配、学术资源激励以及学术绩效问责三大部分。学术发包制遵循特定的形成机理,既有合理性,也有局限性。因此,我们需要促进“发包抓包”与“购买服务”的理念融通,推动从“刚性发包”到“弹性发包”的目标转移,并加速从“竞争发包”到“协作发包”的方式转变。

Academic Outsourcing System:An Academic Governance Model With Chinese Characteristics

As a mixed governance form,the administrative outsourcing system is an academic governance model with Chinese characteristics.“Academic outsourcing system”refers to a top-down outsourcing relationship formed between government and universities,society and universities,and university organizations around academic tasks.The system form is deeply embedded in academic affairs as an important practice method of discipline construction.It takes the bureaucratic system as the system foundation,the project system as the system means,and the academic championship as the system spirit.It is embodied in the three characteristics of the power distribution,resource incentives,and performance accountability.The academic outsourcing system inherently follows a specific formation mechanism,which has a dual impact of both rationality and limitation.Therefore,the combination of the concepts of“outsourcing”and“purchase services”need to be promoted,the goal shift pushed forward from“rigid outsourcing”to“flexible outsourcing”,and the mode transformation accelerated from“competitive outsourcing”to“collaborative outsourcing”.