多模式交通网络税费政策评价模型

为了实现节能减排，政府改革了燃油税并出台了车船税政策，以鼓励使用低能耗的小排量汽车. 为了科学评价这两种税费政策的实施效果，面向包含小汽车和公交车组成的多方式交通网络，利用网络均衡原理和变分不等式理论，构建了等价的多用户、多准则均衡变分不等式（Ⅵ）模型，设计了求解该模型的启发式算法，并进行了算例验证. 利用所建立的模型分别研究了燃油税和车船税对交通网络的成本-收益影响、公交出行分担率以及对不同排量汽车用户公平性的影响问题. 研究表明：提高燃油税和车船税的税率，虽然有可能减少交通网络的整体收益，但能提高公交分担率，其中车船税对公交分担率边际增加作用递减；而不同的税率将在出行成本方面影响出行者的公平性.

A model for evaluation of tax and fare policies in multimodal transportation networks

In order to achieve energy conservation, government reformed fuel tax and introduced travel tax to encourage the use of energy-saving and low-volume vehicles. In order to scientifically evaluating the implementation effect of these two tax effects in bimodal transportation network of cars and buses, an equivalent of multi-user, multi-criteria equilibrium variational inequality (Ⅵ) model and a heuristic solution algorithm to solve the proposed model are developed, and which are both validated by a numerical example. With the proposed model, the effects of taxes on traffic network cost vs. benefit, bus split rate, and the fairness issue for multi-users of different cars are studied. It is shown that with the increasing rate of fuel tax and travel tax, the benefits of entire transportation network may be reduced while bus split rate would be improved, but travel tax will diminish marginal rate of bus split rate; while the different tax rates will affect the travellers travel costs fairness.