深圳市公共体育设施空间供需及影响因素研究

基于“10分钟健身圈”的视角, 结合兴趣点(POI)和手机信令等数据, 使用GIS网络分析测量深圳市公共体育设施可达性, 并利用基尼系数对深圳市公共体育设施资源供需匹配的公平性进行分析。运用地理探测器方法, 探究深圳市公共体育设施空间供需的影响因素, 得到如下结果。1) 深圳市公共体育设施总体上可达性较高, 基本上满足10分钟健身圈的要求。2) 公共体育设施资源分配相对平均。同一市辖区不同街道的设施分配高度公平, 市辖区之间的平等性可以进一步提升。3) 盐田区、坪山区和大鹏新区的街道供需匹配较好, 福田区和罗湖区交界处街道的体育设施分布集中, 对服务能力造成一定的限制。4) 地价因素是影响深圳市公共体育设施空间供需关系的最主要因素, 其次是路网密度和公交站点数目, 人口总数和人造地表比例也对供需关系存在一定的影响。

Evaluation and Impact Factors of Spatial Supply and Demandof Public Sports Facilities in Shenzhen

From the perspective of 10-minute fitness circle, points of interest (POI), mobile signal data and other data were employed in this research. The accessibility of public sports facilities was measured with network analysis in GIS and Gini coefficient was used to analyze the equity of the supply and demand matching degree of public sports facilities in Shenzhen. The influencing factors of spatial supply and demand of public sports facilities were explored by geographical detectors. The results showed that, first, the overall accessibility of public sports facilities in Shenzhen was relatively high, which basically met the requirements of 10-minute fitness circle. Second, the distribution of public sports facilities was relatively fair. The distribution of facilities in different streets of the same municipal district was highly fair while the equity between municipal districts could be further improved. Third, the relationship between supply and demand in Yantian, Pingshan, Dapeng District was well-matched while sports facilities in the subdistrict at the junction of Futian District and Luohu District were centralized distributed, which set a limitation to the ability of service. Finally, land price was the most important factor affecting the spatial supply-demand relationship of public sports facilities in Shenzhen, followed by the density of road network and the number of bus stops. The total population and the proportion of man-made surface also had a certain impact on the supply and demand relationship.