中高密度城市居住区热岛强度计算模型研究

基于城市热岛效应形成的物理过程, 采用解析法求解能量平衡方程, 构建城市热岛强度计算模型, 为考虑热岛影响的室外建筑热工设计参数修正提供基础模型。该模型包括城市地表能量平衡计算模块和城市冠层能量平衡计算模块两部分。同时, 采用全球城市热岛数据集以及西安、伯明翰、麦迪逊和巴塞尔的观测数据对模型进行验证, 结果表明, 城市地表能量平衡计算模块在郊区自然下垫面(RMSE<1℃)和城市建成区下垫面(RMSE<3.2℃)都具有较高的精度; 城市冠层能量平衡计算模块的计算精度较高(RMSE<1.5℃), 与同类型模型的计算精度相近, 并与实测结果有很好的一致性。采用观测数据验证城市热岛强度计算模型构建过程中仅保留一阶项的合理性(RMSE<0.7℃)。敏感性分析结果表明, 城市下垫面参数的敏感性受气候条件影响; 气象要素中, 风速的敏感性最高。

Investigation on Urban Heat Island Intensity Model of theResidential District in Mid & High-Density Cities

Based on the physical process of the urban heat island (UHI) effect, the Urban Heat Island Intensity Model is established by solving the energy balance equation with the analytic method, which provides a basic model for further research on the correction of outdoor calculating parameters considering the impact of UHI. This model includes two parts: the urban surface energy balance calculation module and the urban canopy energy balance calculation module. At the same time, the Global (UHI) Data Set and the observation data in Xi’an, Birmingham, Madison, and Basel are used to verify the model. The validation results show that the urban under-lying surface energy balance calculation module has high calculation accuracy in both rural and urban areas (rural: RMSE<1℃; urban: RMSE<3.2℃); the calculation accuracy of the urban canopy energy balance calculation module is high (RMSE<1.5℃), which is similar to that of the same type of models, and the modelled data has a high consistency with the observation data. The observation data is used to verify the rationality of retaining only the first-order term in the construction of the urban heat island intensity model (RMSE<0.7℃). The sensitivity analysis results show that the sensitivity of urban underlying surface parameters are affected by climatic conditions; the wind speed is the most sensitive parameter in meteorological data.