硫酸盐法制浆黑液中的毒物有机酸和酚类污染物

硫酸盐法制浆黑液是毒性很大的工业废水。本文着重讨论该废水中毒物树脂酸、脂肪酸以及酚类化合物的毒性、来源、主要类型,以及富集、测定方法。根据我国情况,作者指出应该寻求用简易设备测定制浆废水中毒物的简便方法,开展对制浆废水的毒性分布的研究,制定主要毒物排放标准。

ORGANIC ACIDS AND PHENOL POLLUTANTS IN KRAFT BLACK LIQUOR

A review on the toxicity of kraft black liquors and its causes is given. Methods of collection and determination of the major toxic pol- lutants, namely resin acids, fatty acids and common pollutants, phenolic compounds, are discussed. Resin acids are characteristic compouents in wood spcies. Whereas fatty acids are found in parenchymaceous cells existing in both hardwoods and softwoods fibrous materials. Phenols and phenyl carboxylic acids are direct products from the degradation of lignin during kraft digestion. The above metioned pollutants may be extracted with organic solvents from black liquors, or they may be adsorbed by treating kraft black liquors in resin columns. By adding CO_2, NaOH or NaHCO_3, the extractines or adsorbates can be further separated into neutral compouents, acid components and phenolic com- pounds. These compouents can then be individual handled and determ- ined qualitatively and/or quantitatively through gas chromatography, supplemented by gas chroma tography----mass spectrography, infrared technique or nuclear magnetic resonance when necessary.