科技伦理治理需要实践智慧

 科学技术的联姻， 拓展了人类行动多维可能性。近年来， 基因编辑、 人工智能等新型科技引发的伦理事件， 将科技伦理治理从幕后推向前台。在系统阐述科技伦理融合与中国科技伦理治理产生的基础上， 分析了科技伦理治理作为一种实践活动， 为何需要实践智慧以及实践智慧如何指导科技伦理治理。研究认为， 现代科技应用要求 “伦理前置”， 实践智慧能处理科技伦理中 “能够命题” 与 “应当命题” 的张力， 持续性平衡预防性和主动性原则， 判断人类福祉和明确科技伦理治理责任。结果表明， 实践智慧通过平衡抽象原则和具体情景、 把握科技应用的伦理边界与防范科技风险， 为科技伦理治理提供具体指导。由于实践智慧并非单一主体的智慧， 而是治理共同体所有智慧的共识， 为此必须建构科技伦理治理共同体。

Technological ethical governance needs practical wisdom

The combination of science and technology has expanded the multi-dimensional possibility of human action. In recent years, ethical events triggered by new technologies such as gene editing and artificial intelligence have pushed the ethical governance of science and technology from the background to the foreground. Based on the systematic exposition of the integration of the science and technology ethics and the emergence of China's science and technology ethics governance, this paper analyzes the reasons why the science and technology ethics governance needs practical wisdom as a practical activity and the ways how the practical wisdom guides the science and technology ethics governance. It is shown that the application of the modern science and technology requires "ethics first". The practical wisdom can deal with the conflict between "can proposition" and "should proposition" in the science and technology ethics, constantly balance the principles of the prevention and the initiative, judge the human well-being and clarify the responsibility of the science and technology ethics governance. The results show that the practical wisdom provides a specific guidance for the ethical governance of science and technology by balancing the abstract principles and the specific scenarios, grasping the ethical boundaries of the science and technology application and the scientific and technological risks. The practical wisdom is not the wisdom of a single subject, but the consensus of all the wisdom of the governance community. Therefore, we must build a scientific and technological ethics governance community.