昆明西山林场5种可燃物的火行为研究

[目的]通过估测西山林场内主要可燃物特征,预测潜在的火行为大小,为西山林场的防火管理提供科学参考.[方法]通过外业调查,对柏木(Cupressus funebris)、旱冬瓜(Alnus nepalensis)、云南松(Pinus yunnanensis)、华山松(P.armandii)和麻栎(Quercus acut...

Fire behavior of five kinds of fuels in Xishan Forest Farm,Kunming City

【Objective】This study aimed to improve fire prevention management for Xishan Forest Farm by estimating the main fuels characteristics and predicting potential fire behavior.【Method】Based on a field survey and sampling,the status of fuel was analyzed in the Xishan Afforestation Community.There were five main types of combustibles:Cupressus funebris,Alnus nepalensis,Pinus yunnanensis,P.armandii,and Quercus acutissima.Their combustion was measured in the laboratory,and the fire behavior was calculated,including ignition time,flame maintenance time,flameless combustion maintenance time,spread time,flame height,flame temperature,flameless combustion temperature,flame heat radiation and flameless combustion heat radiation.【Result】In the P.yunnanensis forest,the fuel load was 2.35 kg/m²,the maximum flame temperature was 628℃,the maximum flame height was 70 cm,the maximum flame heat radiation was 6.92 kW/m²,and the maximum temperature for flameless combustion was 266℃.During the prescribed burning every year in P.yunnanensis,the load was 1.15 kg/m²,the highest temperature of the flame was 697.6℃,the maximum flame height was 44.5 cm,the maximum heat radiation of the flame was 8.02 kW/m²,and the maximum temperature for flameless combustion was 194.3℃.There was a difference between the prescribed burning and Xishan forest farm of P.yunnanensis.The fire intensity order was P.yunnanensis>Q.acutissima>P.armandii>C.funebris,and the intensity values were 786.07,564.39,275.30 and 6.26 kW/m,respectively.Among these,the fire intensity of P.yunnanensis of 786.07 kW/m(medium-intensity fire)was different from the fire intensity of 403.60 kW/m(low-intensity fire)when P.yunnanensis of pure forest is planned to be burned.【Conclusion】The fuel load had the greatest impact on the fire intensity of combustibles.Q.acutissima and P.armandii were low-intensity fires,and the fire intensity of C.funebris was almost negligible.It is recommended that the Xishan Afforestation Community adopt human intervention to effectively treat forest combustibles and to prevent forest fires.