湖南低山丘陵区薄壳山核桃的开花物候期观测及品种配置

【目的】观察湖南地区14个薄壳山核桃品种的花发育特征和开花物候期,确定适宜的品种配置。【方法】以湖南省怀化市树龄为7 a的薄壳山核桃14个品种为材料,观察群体及单花(雌、雄花)开花时间、花发育形态以及散粉期和可授期,记录并分析花发育时期气候条件。【结果】14个品种的薄壳山核桃中有4个品种为雌先型,5个品种为雄先型,5个品种为同熟型。雌花一般在4月下旬进入现蕾期,5月中旬进入可授期,雄花在4月下旬和5月上旬进入萌芽伸长期,5月中上旬进入散粉盛期,由此得出该地区‘密西西比’、‘亚林100’、‘威奇塔’、‘斯图尔特’和‘卡多’4个品种具有一定的自花授粉能力,适宜的授粉组合为‘湘林1号’ב福克特’,‘密西西比’ב卡多’,‘金奥瓦’ב特贾斯’、‘金奥瓦’ב斯图尔特’或‘金奥瓦’ב马汉’,‘佩鲁奎’ב特贾斯’、‘佩鲁奎’ב马汉’或‘佩鲁奎’ב斯图尔特’,‘波尼’ב特贾斯’或‘波尼’ב马汉’,‘普兹内’ב特贾斯’或‘普兹内’ב马汉’。【结论】不同品种薄壳山核桃的开花物候期是建立果园的重要依据之一,本试验结果可为湖南及中南低山丘陵区薄壳山核桃的品种配置提供参考。

Observation on flowering phenology and variety combination of Carya illinoinensis in low mountains and hills of Hunan Province

【Objective】The purpose of this study was to observe the flower development characteristics and flowering phenology of 14 Carya illinoinensis in Hunan Province,and to determine a suitable variety of combinations.【Method】Taking 7-year-old C.illinoinensis in Huaihua City,Hunan Province as materials,the flowering time,flower development morphology,pollen dispersal period and receptive period of female and male flowers were observed,and the climatic conditions of the flower development period were recorded and analyzed.【Result】Among the 14 varieties of C.illinoinensis,four varieties were protogynous,five varieties were protandrous,and five varieties were monochogamous.Female flowers generally entered the budding period in late April and entered the receptive period in mid-May.The male flowers entered the elongation period in late April and early May and entered the pollinating period in early to mid-May.It was concluded that‘Mississippi’,‘YaLin No.100’,‘Wichita’,‘Stuart’and‘Caddo’had a self-pollination ability in this region,and the suitable variety combinations were‘XiangLin No.1’בForket’;‘Mississippi’×Caddo’;‘Kiowa’בTejas’,‘Kiowa’בStuart’or‘Kiowa’בMahan’;‘Pyzner’בTejas’,‘Pyzner’בMahan’or‘Pyzner’בStuart’;‘Pawnee’בTejas’or‘Pawnee’בMahan’;‘Pyzner’בTejas’or‘Pyzner’בMahan’.【Conclusion】The flowering phenology of different varieties of C.illinoinensis is an important basis for establishing orchards.The results of this experiment provide a reference for the variety combinations of C.illinoinensis in Hunan and the hilly areas of central and southern China.