不同发育阶段杉木人工林凋落物及不同组分持水特性的比较

为揭示不同发育阶段杉木人工林凋落物及不同组分的持水特性,选择福建三明莘口教学林场11年、22年和34年生杉木人工林为研究对象,对其凋落物的现存量、持水特性及对降雨的拦蓄能力进行分析测定.结果表明:杉木凋落物现存量表现为老龄林＞中龄林＞幼龄林,各林分凋落物现存量表现为叶凋落物占比例最大,花果占比例最小；最大吸水速率、最大持水率、最大拦蓄率和有效拦蓄率均表现为中龄林＞老龄林＞幼龄林,最大持水量、最大拦蓄量和有效拦蓄量均表现为老龄林＞中龄林＞幼龄林.凋落物不同组分中,幼龄林和成龄林最大持水率、最大吸水速率、最大拦蓄速率和有效拦蓄率均表现为叶最大,枝最小,中龄林表现为其它组分最大,叶次之；不同发育阶段杉木凋落物不同组分的最大持水量、最大拦蓄量和有效拦蓄量均表现为叶所占比例最大,花果最小.老龄林与中龄林和幼龄林相比,其凋落物现存量大具有较好的持水特性；凋落物中叶具有较大的拦蓄降雨能力.

A comparative study on water holding capacity of litter components under different developmental stages of Chinese Fir plantations

In order to understand the water holding characteristics of different litter components at different developmental stages of Chinese Fir,11,22 and 34 years old Chinese Fir plantation in Xinkou experimental forest farm in Sanming of Fujian were chosen as the research materials.The results were as follows： The litterfall production was in the sequence of mature plantationmiddle-aged plantationyoung plantation,and the foliage ratio for different components was the highest,cone ratio was the lowest.The maximum water absorbing and holding rate,intercepting rate and effective intercepting rate were in the order of middle-aged plantationmature plantationyoung plantation.The order of maximum water holding capacity,maximum intercepting capacity and effective intercepting capacity was mature plantationmiddle-aged plantationyoung plantation.For young and mature plantation litter components,foliage litter had the maximum holding rate,absorbing rate,intercepting rate and effective intercepting rate,and branch litter had the smallest ones.For middle-aged plantation litter components,miscellany litter accounted for the maximum percentage and foliage was the second.For the three Chinese fir plantations,foliage litter had the biggest water holding capacity,intercepting capacity and effective intercepting capacity and cone had the smallest.Therefore,compared with young and middle-aged plantation,the mature plantation had better water holding characteristics due to the larger litterfall production;foliage litter had much better intercepting capacity in different litter components.