一种新型的大地构造相模式和弧后碰撞造山

从瑞士阿尔卑斯造山带分析入手，本提出了一种新型的在地构造相模式；即认为世界上绝大多数造山带均为弧后碰撞造山形成，而造山带均由三个大地构造相组成：Ａｌｅｍａｎｉｄｅ ｆａｃｉｅｓ（日耳大地构造相）、Ｃｅｌｔｉｄｅ ｆａｃｉｅｓ（摄尔特大地构造相）和Ｒａｅｔｉｄｅ ｆａｃｉｅｓ（类特大地构造相）。本还列举了几个造山实例，并认为该模式可用于对世界上其它造山带的分析。

A NEW MODEL OF TECTONIC FACIES AND OROGENY OF ARC-BACK COLLISION

The composition and evolution of orogenic zones are not disorderly and unsystematic. Though each orogen has its own characteristic, their basic composition issimilar. A new model of tectonic facies is advanced in this paper through the research of the orogenic tone of the Alps in Switzerland. Every orogenic zone consists of three tectonic factes: Alemanide factes. Celtide factes and Raetide factes. Alemanide factes exists at the margin of the orogenic zone, it consists of shallow-sea deposit and molasse formation,which were all deformed, and did not occur by metamorphism. In the Alemanide facies there exist many flods, faults and decollements. Celtide factes exists at the core of the orogenic zone. these faciles consist of the oceanic crust, oceanic deposits, off shore deposits,and mantle deposits and marginal deposists on rise in the marginal sea. This occured through the strong metamorphism of greenschist factes to granulite factes. In the celtide facies there are generally ophiolite suite. melange. granitic rocks and great shear zones,which together make up the unit of active basement. Raetide factes exists at the margin or interior the orogenic zone, a part of Raetide factes often overthrust on celtide factes. The Raetide factes consists of the island arc, mantle deposits and marginal deposits of island are, where the strong metamorphsim had not taken place. In the Rastide factes there are nappe structures, great thrust planes and great displacement. By the research and analysis of many orogens in the world, we believe that there is regularity in the evolution of orogenic zones. The many orogens in the world were formd from the collision of arc-back basin,which make up the three tectonic factes of t he orogen. When there are collisions of some back-arc basins, there will occur many Alemanide factes. Celtide factes and Raetide factes,generally distributed in that order.We can research the orogenic zones inremote regions because there exist the regularity in the evolution and composition of orogenic zones. The quintessence of geology is to take advantage of comparison deduction. and inference. The application of the tectonic facies in this paper can help us understand complex orogenic zones in a short time, and thus obtain the results with half the effort. A few examples are enumerated in this paper. We believe that the model can be applied to other orogenic zones in the world.