日照市近岸海域冬夏季游泳动物群落结构研究

为探明日照市近岸海域冬夏季游泳动物种类组成、优势种、资源密度和物种多样性及其变化趋势，于2016年2月（冬季）和8月（夏季）对该海域进行2个航次的调查。调查共捕获游泳动物71种，其中鱼类44种，甲壳类22种，头足类5种。冬季优势种为玉筋鱼（Ammodytes personatus）和疣背深额虾（Latreutes planirostris），夏季为日本枪乌贼（Loliolusia pouica）、矛尾虾虎鱼（Chaeturichthys stigmatias）、口虾蛄（Oratosquilla oratoria）、绿鳍鱼（Chelidonichthys spinosus）。冬夏两季调查游泳动物平均尾数资源密度分别为106.86×10³，59.41×10³ ind./km²；平均质量资源密度分别为191.22，251.35 kg/km²；平均Shannon-Wiener物种多样性指数（H''）分别为1.535，1.896；平均Pielou均匀度指数（J）分别为0.540，0.693；平均Margalef物种丰富度指数分别为2.505，2.495。研究表明该海域游泳动物以小型鱼类、甲壳类和头足类为主。与2006年山东半岛南部近岸海域调查结果相比，甲壳类物种有增加的趋势。

Nekton Community Structure in the Coastal Waters of Rizhao City in Winter and Summer

In order to explore the species composition,dominant species,resource density,species diversity and the variation trend of nekton in winter and summer in the coastal waters of Rizhao City,two voyages of surveys were carried out in February (winter) and August (summer) 2016.A total of 71 nekton species were captured,including 44 species of fish,22 species of crustaceans and 5 species of cephalopods.The dominant species were Ammodytes personatus and Latreutes planirostris in winter,and Loliolusia pouica,Chaeturichthys stigmatias,Oratosquilla oratoria and Chelidonichthys spinosus in summer.The average tail resource density of nekton in winter and summer survey was 106.86×10³,59.41×10³ ind./km²,respectively.The average biomass resource density was 191.22,251.35 kg/km²,respectively.The average Shannon-Wiener diversity (H'') was 1.535,1.896,respectively.The average Pielou evenness index (J) was 0.540,0.693,respectively.The average Margalef species richness index was 2.505,2.495,respectively.Studies have shown that small fish,crustaceans and cephalopods were predominant nekton in the area.Compared with the survey results in the coastal waters of Southern Shandong Peninsula in 2006,crustaceans species have an increasing trend.