有限推力模型火星探测捕获策略分析

本文提出了基于有限推力模型,目标约束为轨道半长轴和偏心率的火星探测器的捕获问题.分析了三种捕获方式：燃料最优捕获、姿态匀速转动和姿态惯性定向捕获策略,并分别利用最优控制和粒子群优化算法针对不同捕获策略进行了求解.分析表明,以燃料最优为指标的捕获策略为邦邦控制,其推力方向基本沿着与飞行速度相反的方向,但在工程实现中对姿态控制系统要求很高,难以实现.捕获过程中姿态惯性定向易于实现,但是重力损失比较严重.姿态匀速转动的捕获策略比邦邦控制更容易实施,并且能有效地减小重力损失,因此在工程中有很重要的实用价值.

Analysis of capture strategies for Mars explorer with finite-thrust

In this article capture problem of Mars explorer with finite-thrust and the terminal constraints of the semi-major axis and eccentricity is proposed and three different strategies are determined by solution through the optimum control and particle swarm optimization algorithm. It is indicated that the optimum solution of minimum fuel consumption is bang-bang control and the thrust direction is nearly anti-parallel to the velocity vector, but it is too hard for the attitude control system. Capture process with a constant directional capture maneuver is easy to realize, but the gravity loss is more serious. Fuel consumption of the capture strategy with a constant turn rate capture maneuver is between the optimum solution and the capture strategy with a constant direction capture maneuver, but it is easy of execution in the project implementation. Therefore it has very important practical value in engineering.