黄山名松雷电灾害风险分析

雷电是威胁自然和文化遗产安全的主要自然灾害之一.正确的雷电灾害风险评估可以有效防止或降低风险,减少损失.使用统计软件对黄山闪电数据进行统计分析,研究与黄山地质地貌、雷电环境等相关的雷电活动规律及其可能对黄山松和游客的影响,利用IEC的方法并进行改进,以龙爪松为例,给出相关风险分析值.研究表明:龙爪松引起的人身伤亡风险较大,超过允许值.风险原因主要为若雷电直接击中龙爪松,由于旁络闪击及雷击的机械作用导致树木爆裂伤人,同时还有雷击引起接触和跨步电压导致人员伤亡事故发生的风险.而龙爪松遭雷击起火或爆裂引起的损毁风险较小,将会达到数百年一遇的几率.评估结果对黄山游客雷电安全管理具有重要意义,对国内外类似风景区的防雷工作具有指导意义.

Analysis of Risk of Huangshan Pine Due to Lightning

Huangshan pine is a kind of invaluable resource in Huangshan,so loss on such unrecoverable cultural heritage caused by lightning strike should be prevented.In this paper,lightning activities associated with geological landform and its effect on Huangshan pine as well as tourists are studied and analyzed.Some relevant values of the risk analysis are listed by taking Longzhao pine for example.According to the research,the risk of personal injury and death for Longzhao pine exceeds the permissible risk value.The main reason is that the lightning stroke(from trunk or crown to people) and burst wounding of tree due to the lightning direct strike to Longzhao pine.Meanwhile,the risk caused by contact and step voltage wounding should also be taken into account.However,the risk of damage to Longzhao pine caused by fire and burst is much smaller,and it will likely happen once in hundreds of years.